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NASA Mars Mission: Space agency seeks cost-cutting solutions for Mars soil sample return amid budget trims | Mint – Mint

The agency said it will issue a formal request call on April 16 to various NASA facilities, laboratories, and aerospace companies for proposals, the report said. NASA is seeking ways to streamline the Mars Mission programme amid technical challenges, budget limitations, and escalating expenses.

Alternative Plans Expected by Late Fall

During a conference call with journalists, agency representatives said they anticipate receiving alternative proposals for review by late autumn or early winter.

Nicky Fox, Associate Administrator at NASA, said that the programme overhaul would prioritise innovation and reliable technology to reduce risks and costs associated with the project.

“The overhaul would focus on innovation and proven technology, rather than on huge new technological leaps, as a way of reducing development time, risks and costs,” Fox told reporters.

Addressing Budgetary and Schedule Issues

Following an independent review commissioned by NASA in September 2023, it was evident that the Mars sample return programme encountered hurdles due to unrealistic budget and schedule expectations from its inception.

The review also noted organisational inefficiencies and ineffective leadership structures within the mission.

The initiative to revamp the Mars sample return strategy comes amidst significant budget cuts imposed by Congress on space programmes this year. These cuts have led to substantial layoffs at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which plays a crucial role in the Mars mission.

Challenges and Objectives of Mars Sample Return

The Perseverance rover, developed by JPL, has been gathering mineral samples from the Jezero Crater on Mars since 2021. These samples are sealed in tubes for future analysis, aiming to uncover potential signs of ancient microbial life.

Initially slated for launch in 2027-28 with a return expected in the early 2030s, the Mars sample return mission faced cost projections of $5-7 billion. However, recent designs indicated that costs could skyrocket to as much as $11 billion, with a potential return date pushed beyond 2040.

“We want to get every new and fresh idea that we can. The bottom line is an $11 billion budget is too expensive, and a 2040 return date is too far away,” NASA chief Bill Nelson said.

Nelson emphasised that maintaining such high funding levels would impede progress on other significant scientific endeavours, including missions to Saturn’s moon Titan, exploration of Venus, and the survey of near-Earth objects.

“These are folks who can figure out rather difficult things,” he said, expressing hope that industry partners would find a solution.

Perseverance Rover Hard At Work on Mars

NASA’s Perseverance rover has successfully collected 24 core samples in tubes since its touchdown in 2021 at Mars’ Jezero Crater, a site rich in ancient river delta deposits. The primary aim is to amass over 30 samples to meticulously search for potential traces of ancient Martian life, as per an AP report.

The space agency is striving to transport at least a portion of these gathered samples back to Earth and this undertaking necessitates an expensive multi-step process. From journeying to Mars to retrieve the tubes, and then launching from the planet, to later rendezvous with another spacecraft tasked with ferrying the samples back to Earth, would be an expensive affair, the AP report noted.

Fox refrained from giving a definitive timeline for the samples’ return, adding that such details would be outlined in forthcoming proposals. “We’ve never launched from another planet, and that’s actually what makes Mars sample return such a challenging and interesting mission,” she said.

Scientists eagerly anticipate the opportunity to scrutinise Martian samples within their own laboratories, surpassing the limited capabilities of spacecraft-based analyses conducted on the red planet. Rigorous examination is imperative to validate any indications of microbial life dating back billions of years to when Mars was potentially habitable due to flowing water, according to NASA.

Moreover, these samples will play a pivotal role in informing NASA’s decisions regarding future human exploration of Mars in the 2040s, Nelson added.

Competition With China

China’s Tianwen-3 Mars sample return mission is progressing towards a simpler “grab-and-go around 2030” which could make it the first nation to achieve this milestone, as per state media reports.

Although China’s mission is simpler and will only collect samples from the immediate vicinity of its landing site, being the first to retrieve rocks from another planet would represent a significant geopolitical achievement.

China’s 2030 mission to the Moon could also position it as the next nation to deploy crew there, potentially preceding the NASA-led Artemis 3 landing.

Speaking to AFP, former top NASA official and Stanford professor G Scott Hubbard said this would be a wake-up call for Western nations. “If they are able to return samples from Mars before the US does, even if it’s a grab sample, which is nearly scientifically worthless, that is much more like a Sputnik moment,” he added.

(With inputs from AFP, AP and Reuters)

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Published: 17 Apr 2024, 12:26 PM IST

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Call to bridge gender inequality in politics – Chronicle

Call to bridge gender inequality in politics


Michelle Moyo, [email protected]

GOVERNMENT has called for increased efforts towards closing the gender inequality gap, which has resulted in many women being left behind in key decision making processes including in politics.

There is consensus globally that achieving gender equality is critical in promoting peace within nations and fostering inclusiveness, which enhances the protection of women and girls.

Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Women Affairs, Community, Small and Medium Enterprises Development, Dr Mavis Sibanda, told participants during a recent gender equality meeting in Bulawayo that exploring the nexus between women‘s participation in politics and leadership was critical for national progress.

“It’s a burning issue and Government acknowledges this. Democratic principles require gender equality, a fair and representative political system, and inclusion of women in politics,” she said.

“Gender equality is a human right, women‘s participation is universally recognized and Zimbabwe has embraced that as an international and regional instrument.”

Dr Sibanda said women economic empowerment has been recognized as key pillar in achieving development, particularly Zimbabwe‘s vision 2030 and agenda 2030 for sustainable development goals.

 “Women economic empowerment is a human right, which all women should enjoy to be capacitated and be confident about themselves to stand out and participate meaningfully in all spheres of life and manage their destinies,” said Dr Sibanda.

“There’s a need to close the gender gap, which has resulted in women being left behind in political participation within political parties. For women to be leaders and decision makers they need to be empowered, particularly in economic terms, which builds their financial security and increases their influence over households, community and all the processes.

“There are some challenges that hinder women’s full participation such as lack of information access, capital, markets, lack of strong network and stigma,” she said.

In a speech read on her behalf by Mrs Boetsoarelo Noko, Director of Provincial Coordination in the office of the Minister of State for Bulawayo Provincial Affairs and Devolution, Cde Judith Ncube, said investing in women’s economic empowerment was vital for gender inequality, eradicating poverty and promoting inclusive growth.

“We are grateful to the ministry for organising the interaction of women in the Matabeleland region. Women play a major development role in the country and the world at large. Your presence is a clear testimony that shows commitments towards the attainment of women empowerment in the country As we celebrate the achievements, let’s address the challenges and explore the opportunities that lie ahead for women’s empowerment and gender inequality in our society. 

“Women entrepreneurs drive innovation, create jobs and spare economic growth while women in politics and the public sector advocate for policies that advance social human rights and inclusive developments,” said the minister.

Chairperson of the Zimbabwe Gender Commission (ZGC), Margaret Sangarwe-Mukahanana, said the event was not only for women but an opportunity for sharing and building ideas.

“As ZGC we look forward to seeing the gap in women economic development. The issue of women not participating in politics has been identified as a major challenge in the sense that there’s low self-esteem and Gender Based Violence (GBV),” she said.

Zimbabwe has taken several policy measures to enhance gender empowerment, including reserving 60 seats for women in Parliament and directing that one third of councillors in local authorities be women. –  @Lo7246Lovelyn.

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Breaking news – Chronicle

Leonard Ncube, [email protected] 

THE European (EU) has invested more than 600 million euros towards addressing climate change and drought mitigation programmes among others in Zimbabwe, EU Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mr Jobst von Kirchmann has said.

He said one of their flagship projects is the rehabilitation of Kariba Dam and the bloc has invested over 130 million euros.

Over 250 million euros has been channelled towards gender equality and empowerment programmes in the country.

Amb Kirchmann said the EU contributed 250 million euros to greener and smart agriculture to mitigate drought in the country. 

The EU is a group of 27 countries in Europe and nine of them comprising France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain and Sweden have a resident embassy while seven EU Member States have an Honorary Consul (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ireland, and Poland).

Italy, Germany, Sweden, Romania and France attended the recent Zimbabwe International Trade Fair (ZITF) in a milestone development that speaks to the thawing relations between Zimbabwe and the EU, riding on President Mnangagwa’s policy of engagement and re-engagement.

Under the Second Republic, Zimbabwe’s foreign policy has seen a significant shift from isolation to engagement.

President Mnangagwa’s strategy has been to engage Zimbabwe’s neighbours, strengthen regional ties and re-set relations with traditional allies such as China, Russia, Britain, the United States of America, and the EU.

The EU had arguably the biggest stand at the just-ended ZITF showcasing a cross-section of projects that the bloc is implementing.

Speaking to journalists at the ZITF, Amb Kirchmann said there was room for matchmaking between Zimbabwean companies and the business community in the European bloc.

He said the EU is the biggest buyer of horticulture products from Zimbabwe with a trade volume of 700 million euros. 

Amb Kirchmann said Zimbabwean companies can export any product to the EU duty and tariff-free.

“The stand focused on trade, informing companies about how they could trade with the EU. We have currently over 600 million Euros on ongoing projects and what we show here, because we cannot show all the projects, is particularly in support to the private sector, in particular agriculture-related projects,” he said.

“Team Europe initiatives focus on green and smart agriculture and on gender equality and women empowerment. We had to make a selection and we focused on these two areas, which I have just mentioned.” 

Amb Kirchmann said the choice of projects is all related to drought.

“This is because it is such a difficult period and a lot can be done to do with mitigation and showing farmers a variety of crops to grow when there is no water to keep moisture on the fields for a long time,” he said. 

Amb Kirchmann said projects are in health, education, the flagship Global Gateway Campaign Project on the rehabilitation of the Kariba Dam, agriculture giving direct support to farmers to diversify, leather value chain and handcrafts, cultural projects and others.

Amb Kirchmann said the trade fair provided a platform for networking and reaching out to the private sector to showcase what the EU has to offer.

“We are nine resident ambassadors in Harare and six are present and so that’s a very big ratio as we have for the first time six EU member states being present here. Hopefully, in the coming years, we will be able to bring European companies here so that they can see what goes on and we have matchmaking with local companies,” he said.

Amb Kirchmann said the EU launched the campaign #Silani Tinemi EU Rescue all over the country targeting youth and identified Ms Rumbi Takawira, a local journalist as its ambassador.

He said the European Union has a free trade agreement with Zimbabwe yet the agreement was being underused as many companies were not aware of the facility.

“We are here to increase trade and trade is possible if you have solid investment. The EU has the biggest global trade market in the world and we are confident that in the next year there could be more,” he said.

Romania Charge d’Affairs Alexandru Irimia said there were vast opportunities for Zimbabwe in his country and the EU.

He said ZITF was top priority for all EU member states including those that did not attend.

“This fair was top priority for all the Embassies from the EU. I think next year you would have a surprise to have EU member states, which are not represented in Harare coming to the Trade Fair,” he  said.

Germany Ambassador Udo Volz said his country had enjoyed working in the country particularly promoting gender equality and cultural activities.

He invited Zimbabwean companies wishing to set up shop in Germany or Europe to take advantage of the investment environment.

Italy Ambassador Umberto Malnati said his country is implementing several projects through the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund that provide start-up capital and several Zimbabwean companies have benefited.

“We are showcasing what we are doing in Zimbabwe and focusing on economic development to strengthen ties with Africa and Zimbabwe in particular,” he said.

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Food aid distribution begins in Midlands – Chronicle

Patrick Chitumba, [email protected]

THE distribution of food aid to households facing food insecurity has started in the Midlands province, with traditional leaders co-ordinating the effort to ensure all those in need receive assistance. 

Midlands Provincial Affairs and Devolution Minister, Owen Ncube, told the inaugural 2024 joint Midlands Provincial Coordinating Committee Development meeting that the registration of food insecure households is complete and that food has begun to be distributed to some districts. He called on fellow Members of Parliament to assist in transporting grain to areas where the Grain Marketing Board (GMB) faces challenges.

“Distribution of food aid has commenced and the registration of food insecure households for the lean season, January to March, is complete. Some districts are now receiving food assistance,” said Minister Ncube.

“Following the declaration of the current drought as a State of National Disaster by President Mnangagwa on 2 April 2024, the President has further directed that all food insecure households and people be enumerated in order to receive food aid.

“Modalities for the current feeding scheme direct that traditional leaders be at the centre of the distribution system supported by councillors and the party exercising its oversight role,” said Minister Ncube.

He indicated that village heads should preside over village assemblies where selection of beneficiaries takes place, adding that similarly, where selection takes place at ward level, the chiefs or headman preside over the ward assembly where selection takes place.

“Officials from the Government and partners will be assisting to make sure that the process is flawless,” said Cde Ncube.

Minister Ncube praised the people of the Midlands for raising US$40 000 during the Minister’s Ball held on Independence Day, which he facilitated and said that they managed to raise US$15 000 for the purchase of mealie-meal, blankets, bath soap and sanitary pads to donate to the Zimbabwe Prisons and Correctional Services, hospitals, old people’s homes and orphanages in the province.

He said King Solomon’s Hotel in Kwekwe provided everything from food to drinks, among other things, to make the event worthwhile, a step which he said saw businesspeople, well-wishers and ordinary people contributing towards raising funds to assist underprivileged people in the province.

“We facilitated the hosting of the Minister’s Ball at King Solomon Hotel in Kwekwe and we didn’t contribute anything to the hotel, which provided food and everything. The event was a success and we managed to raise about US$40 000.

“The other money went towards hotel expenses among other costs and we were left with US$15 000,” he said.

Yesterday, Minister Ncube handed over mealie-meal, bath soap, blankets and sanitary wear to Whawha Prison, Senga Old People’s Home, Blue Hills Probation and Remand Home, Midlands Children’s Home, Hope Centre, Queen of Peace, Jairos Jiri Narran Centre and Mudavanhu Zimcare Trust in Gweru

“I wish to applaud the Midlands community for their enormous support towards the fund raising dinner, which dovetails with the philanthropic passion of the mother of the nation, Her Excellency the First Lady, Dr Auxillia Mnangagwa, who remains a beacon of hope for the girl child, the elderly, widows, children living on the streets and marginalised communities in hard to reach areas,” he said.

“In view of the foregoing, I wish to assure you all that the Midlands province will pursue the guidance of President Mnangagwa to promote Food and Nutrition Security to eliminate extreme poverty through relief measures such as drought relief, harmonised cash transfer and Basic Education Assistance Module (Beam).”

Mrs Annamore Mukwazhe from Mudavanhu Zimcare Trust, commended Minister Ncube and well-wishers for supporting the Ball, saying the children at the Trust will have food on the table.

“We thank the minister for the donation, which has come at the right time as we move towards the re-opening of schools. We have children with intellectual challenges and when they come to school we know that they will have food to eat at school and before going back home,” she said.

Queen of Peace Rehabilitation and Crisis Centre representative, Ms Evelyn Musipa, said their children were on medication and needed food all the time.

“We are aware that many families are struggling following the drought induced El-Nino. So, when they come to school, we will give our children food to eat so that they can also take their medication properly,” she said. 

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