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NASA’s newest satellite provides crucial data on climate change trends – Scripps News

We know NASA mostly for launching rockets and humans into outer space, but for about 60 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has also played a vital role in understanding the spaceship humans call home-planet Earth.

Data from NASA’s newest Earth-observing satellite will provide insight into ocean health, air quality, and the effects of a changing climate.

In the lead-up to Earth Day, which falls on April 22, NASA officials in Washington on Friday documented how climate change is affecting the planet, this time using data from a program that watches for changes in the ocean and the air from space. Earth Day draws attention to negative effects human activity has on the environment and asks people to focus on things they can do to better care for the planet.

“That is our home, our planet. It’s the only planet we have and we want to keep it,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson.

Nelson, along with two officials from NASA’s Earth Science division, showed some of the first pictures from the agency’s PACE satellite. PACE stands for plankton, aerosol, cloud and ocean ecosystem. The instrument records data from all of the elements that make up the acronym to offer information on how humanity is affecting Earth’s climate.

Nelson, a former astronaut and a U.S. senator serving Florida, added his time viewing the blue planet from space above made him become “more of an environmentalist when I went into space.”

According to NASA, the PACE satellite is located about 250 miles above Earth and was launched into orbit back in February. “We have an unprecedented view of the Earth,” said Tom Wagner, associate director of earth action for the Earth Science Division at NASA. 

Instruments on board will “collect data to help researchers better understand how the ocean and atmosphere exchange carbon dioxide, measure atmospheric variables associated with air quality and climate, and monitor ocean health by studying phytoplankton — tiny plants and algae.”

Climate change is affecting Earth’s oceans in many ways — from sea level rise to marine heat waves to a loss of biodiversity. NASA says PACE allows researchers to study those effects on phytoplankton, which play a key role in the global carbon cycle by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and converting it into their cellular material. The tiny organisms are the base of larger aquatic and global ecosystems. “Some of the tiniest things that have the greatest impact,” said Karen St. Germain, the director of NASA Earth Science.

Research has connected human activity, like industrial scale farming, to algae blooms. Where the Mississippi empties into the Gulf of Mexico, run-off from silt laden with phosphorous substrates from plant fertilizers causes areas to bloom full of algae, but the effect is that hyper-blooms eat up oxygen in the water, causing what oceanographers call “dead zones,” areas in which fish and other wildlife can’t exist.

PACE can observe the effects wildfire and pollutants that make up particulate matter and aerosols have on the climate. It also looks at key variables in cloud formation and can examine how the ocean affects topography.

NASA says the observations improve monitoring of ocean health, air quality, and climate change.”That’s why we are trying to offer NASA’s expertise and the other agencies of the federal government to give us the information that we need in order so that we can be better stewards of what we have,” Nelson said.

PACE data is open to scientists around the world to research, and perhaps better understand humanity’s impact on Earth.

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VP Mohadi to headline business indaba – Chronicle

VP Mohadi to headline business indaba


Ashley Phiri, [email protected]

Vice President Kembo Mohadi is expected to headline the third edition of the Public Private Sector Business Interface dinner in Bulawayo today.

With the theme “Empowering Skills for Progressive Business Growth towards Vision 2030 and NDS1 Success,” the interface seeks to facilitate knowledge and skills exchange between private business entities and the government to support the achievement of Vision 2030.

Mr. Paul Matanda, Director of Operations for the Vision 2030 Movement, highlighted that the event will cultivate a partnership between the government and private sector to propel economic advancement

“We seek to create a relationship between the business community, public and private sector and the government so that these parties contribute to the success of the Vision 2030 initiated by President Mnangagwa.

“ The interface is also to make the business community realise that indeed Zimbabwe is open for business and when they meet they will exchange ideas and share opportunities of how they can tap into the various opportunities availed by the government.”

“This event brings together delegates from the public and private sector, captains of industry, members of the civil service, young people from various sectors, business professionals, innovators and entrepreneurs all under one roof to achieve the goal of realizing an upper middle economy by 2030,” he said.

Vision 2030 Movement is a lobby group in pursuit of bringing about development towards a prosperous middle income society by 2030 and it was established in 2019.

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Uebert Angel Faces Police Investigation Over Alleged Murder Plot – pindula.co.zw

Angel, who is the leader of the GoodNews Church (Spirit Embassy), reportedly accuses Java of extortion and blackmail.

Java was married to late opposition MP and former prime minister Morgan Tsvangirai’s daughter Vimbai, who died following a car accident in 2019.

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Batsirai Java is a brother to another Mnangagwa and ZANU PF apologist and self-proclaimed prophet Panganai “Passion” Java.

Last month, Java’s security aide Nigel Dutiro approached the police about the alleged South African assassins.

Dutiro confirmed to The Standard that he made the report under RRB number 141472. He said:

It’s true. I made a police report because there was a threat to life.

Dutiro, however, said he could not reveal more details about the report because the matter was now being handled by the police.

The alleged murder plot was exposed by a woman identified as Sharon Munro, who is said to be based in South Africa.

Munro was allegedly in Zimbabwe on March 31 where she was overhead by patrons at an upmarket bar in Borrowdale, Harare, talking about the alleged plot against Java.

She left the country on April 3 via the Robert Mugabe International Airport.

The Standard reported sources as saying the alleged murder plot was supposed to involve two South Africans only identified as Mkhwananzi and Ndimande.

The alleged hitman entered Zimbabwe through Beitbridge and were later transported as far as Harare.

The South Africans returned home without accomplishing the task after the woman allegedly linked to Angel leaked the details of the plot.

Java was last Sunday summoned by the police as part of the investigations. He said:

l am aware that someone from my church has made a report to the police, and we are waiting for investigations.

Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) spokesperson Assistant Commissioner Paul Nyathi said he was yet to get a briefing from Harare police where the matter was reported.

The person who picked up Munro’s phone reportedly said she had no idea what the publication was enquiring about when asked for a comment. She later posted the same questions on her WhatsApp status.

Angel did not respond to questions sent to him by The Standard two weeks ago.

Early last year, Angel was at the centre of a documentary by Al Jazeera’s Investigative Unit called “Gold Mafia” that exposed illicit gold trade and money laundering by powerful figures in Zimbabwe and the southern African region.

Angel was secretly recorded telling undercover journalists that he could facilitate the smuggling of gold and launder millions of cash by abusing his diplomatic privileges.

More: Pindula News

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Researchers Track “Doubling” in Origin of Cancer Cells – Technology Networks

Working with human breast and lung cells, Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists say they have charted a molecular pathway that can lure cells down a hazardous path of duplicating their genome too many times, a hallmark of cancer cells.

The findings, published May 3 in Science, reveal what goes wrong when a group of molecules and enzymes trigger and regulate what’s known as the “cell cycle,” the repetitive process of making new cells out of the cells’ genetic material.

The findings could be used to develop therapies that interrupt snags in the cell cycle, and have the potential to stop the growth of cancers, the researchers suggest.

To replicate, cells follow an orderly routine that begins with making a copy of their entire genome, followed by separating the genome copies, and finally, dividing the replicated DNA evenly into two “daughter” cells.

Human cells have 23 pairs of each chromosome — half from the mother and half from the father, including the sex chromosomes X and Y — or 46 total, but cancer cells are known to go through an intermediate state that has double that number – 92 chromosomes. How this happens was a mystery.

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“An enduring question among scientists in the cancer field is: How do cancer cell genomes get so bad?” says Sergi Regot, Ph.D., associate professor of molecular biology and genetics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. “Our study challenges the fundamental knowledge of the cell cycle and makes us reevaluate our ideas about how the cycle is regulated.”

Regot says cells that are stressed after copying the genome can enter a dormant, or senescent stage, and mistakenly run the risk of copying their genome again.

Generally and eventually, these dormant cells are swept away by the immune system after they are “recognized” as faulty. However, there are times, especially as humans age, when the immune system can’t clear the cells. Left alone to meander in the body, the abnormal cells can replicate their genome again, shuffle the chromosomes at the next division, and a growing cancer begins.

In an effort to pin down details of the molecular pathway that goes awry in the cell cycle, Regot and graduate research assistant Connor McKenney, who led the Johns Hopkins team, focused on human cells that line breast ducts and lung tissue. The reason: These cells generally divide at a more rapid pace than other cells in the body, increasing the opportunities to visualize the cell cycle.

Regot’s lab specializes in imaging individual cells, making it especially suited to spot the very small percentage of cells that don’t enter the dormant stage and continue replicating their genome.

For this new study, the team scrutinized thousands of images of single cells as they went through cell division. The researchers developed glowing biosensors to tag cellular enzymes called cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), known for their role in regulating the cell cycle.

They saw that a variety of CDKs activated at different times during the cell cycle. After the cells were exposed to an environmental stressor, such as a drug that disrupts protein production, UV radiation or so-called osmotic stress (a sudden change in water pressure around cells), the researchers saw that CDK 4 and CDK 6 activity decreased.

Then, five to six hours later, when the cells started preparations to divide, CDK 2 was also inhibited. At that point, a protein complex called the anaphase promoting complex (APC) was activated during the phase just before the cell pulls apart and divides, a step called mitosis.

“In the stressed environment in the study, APC activation occurred before mitosis, when it’s usually been known to activate only during mitosis,” says Regot.

About 90% of breast and lung cells leave the cell cycle and enter a quiet state when exposed to any environmental stressors.

In their experimental cells, not all of the cells went quiet.

The research team watched as about 5% to 10% of the breast and lung cells returned to the cell cycle, dividing their chromosomes again.

Through another series of experiments, the team linked an increase in activity of so-called stress activated protein kinases to the small percentage of cells that skirt the quiet stage and continue to double their genome.

Regot says there are ongoing clinical trials testing DNA-damaging agents with drugs that block CDK. “It’s possible that the combination of drugs may spur some cancer cells to duplicate their genome twice and generate the heterogeneity that ultimately confers drug resistance,” says Regot.

“There may be drugs that can block APC from activating before mitosis to prevent cancer cells from replicating their genome twice and prevent tumor stage progression,” says Regot.

Reference: McKenney C, Lendner Y, Guerrero Zuniga A, et al. CDK4/6 activity is required during G2 arrest to prevent stress-induced endoreplication. Science. 2024;384(6695):eadi2421. doi: 10.1126/science.adi2421

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. Our press release publishing policy can be accessed here.

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